MySQL笔记之介绍和安装
MySQL版本选择
- MySQL5.6以后的版本,推荐使用官方版本。
- Percona:在5.6版本以后,MySQL将Percon之前优化集成到官方版本中;
- MariaDB:无INNODB;且核心代码较老
- MySQL在5.6以后不断重构源码,安装包越来越大,功能和性能在持续改进
MySQL官方网站介绍
官方网站:http://www.mysql.com
Developer Zone: MySQL开发工程师板块
- Articles: Oracle工程师自己的博客
- Plant MySQL: 和MySQL相关从业人员的博客
- Bugs:MySQL BugList
- Worklog:开发记录
- Labs:MySQL实验性项目
Downloads:MySQL下载
- Enterprise:MySQL企业版本相关,略过
- Community:社区版,我们下载和使用社区版
- MySQL Community Server:MySQL Server
- MySQL Fabric : 和管理相关的工具
- MySQL Router:路由中间件
- MySQL Utilities:MySQL应用程序包
- MySQL Workbench:官方图型化管理界面
- MySQL Proxy:MySQL代理。Alpha版本,不推荐
Documentation:MySQL文档
MySQL下载
- 推荐下载
Linux-Generic
版本 Source Code
版本主要作用是为了让开发人员研究源码使用,自己编译对性能提升不明显- 不推荐
Version 5.5.X
,有部分bug - 推荐使用
Version 5.6.X
和Version 5.7.X
下载地址:
MySQL Community Server 5.7.9 Linux Generic x86-64bit
MySQL Community Server 5.6.27 Linux Generic x86-64bit
MySQL安装
安装通用步骤:
- 解压缩
mysql-VERSION-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
- 打开
INSTALL_BINARY
文件,按照shell>
开头的步骤进行操作 - 将
export PATH=/安装路径/mysql/bin:$PATH
添加到/etc/profile
chkconfig mysqld on
或者chkconfig mysqld.server on
视你的环境而定,详细步骤如下
- 解压缩
MySQL 5.6.X 安装:
shell> yum install libaio # Debain系用户:apt-get install libaio1 shell> groupadd mysql shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql shell> cd /usr/local shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql shell> cd mysql shell> chown -R mysql . shell> chgrp -R mysql . shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql shell> chown -R root . shell> chown -R mysql data shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & # Next command is optional shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
MySQL 5.7.X 安装
shell> groupadd mysql shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql shell> cd /usr/local shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql shell> cd mysql shell> mkdir mysql-files shell> chmod 770 mysql-files shell> chown -R mysql . shell> chgrp -R mysql . shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql #该步骤中会产生零时 #root@localhost密码 #需要自己记录下来 shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup shell> chown -R root . shell> chown -R mysql data mysql-files shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & # Next command is optional shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
验证安装
data
目录在安装之前是空目录,安装完成后应该有ibXXX
等文件- 安装过程中输出的信息中,不应该含有
ERROR
信息,错误信息默认
会写入到$HOSTNAME.err
的文件中 - 通过
bin/mysql
命令(5.7.X含有临时密码)可以正常登录
MySQL启动
mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
即可启动,mysqld_safe
是一个守护mysqld
进程的脚本程序,旨在mysqld
意外停止时,可以重启mysqld
进程- 也可以通过
INSTALL_BINARRY
中的的步骤,使用/etc/init.d/mysql.server start
进行启动(启动脚本以你复制的实际名字为准,通常改名为mysqld
,即/etc/init.d/mysqld start
)
附录
模版配置文件my.cnf
[client] [mysql] prompt = [\\u@\\h][\\d]>\\_ [mysqld] ########basic settings######## server-id = 11 port = 3306 user = mysql bind_address = 10.166.224.32 #根据实际情况修改 autocommit = 1 #自动提交 character_set_server=utf8mb4 skip_name_resolve = 1 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 1000 datadir = /data/mysql_data #根据实际情况修改,建议和程序分离存放 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1 join_buffer_size = 134217728 tmp_table_size = 67108864 tmpdir = /tmp max_allowed_packet = 16777216 sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER" interactive_timeout = 1800 wait_timeout = 1800 read_buffer_size = 16777216 read_rnd_buffer_size = 33554432 sort_buffer_size = 33554432 ########log settings######## log_error = error.log slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = slow.log log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1 log_slow_admin_statements = 1 log_slow_slave_statements = 1 log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10 expire_logs_days = 90 long_query_time = 2 min_examined_row_limit = 100 ########replication settings######## master_info_repository = TABLE relay_log_info_repository = TABLE log_bin = bin.log sync_binlog = 1 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 log_slave_updates binlog_format = row relay_log = relay.log relay_log_recovery = 1 binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1 slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors ########innodb settings######## innodb_page_size = 8192 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 6G #根据实际情况修改 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8 innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1 innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2000 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 5 innodb_io_capacity = 4000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_file_format = Barracuda innodb_file_format_max = Barracuda innodb_log_group_home_dir = /redolog/ #根据实际情况修改 innodb_undo_directory = /undolog/ #根据实际情况修改 innodb_undo_logs = 128 innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3 innodb_flush_neighbors = 1 innodb_log_file_size = 4G #根据实际情况修改 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216 innodb_purge_threads = 4 innodb_large_prefix = 1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 64 innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1 innodb_strict_mode = 1 innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864 ########semi sync replication settings######## plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin #根据实际情况修改 plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so" loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1 loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000 [mysqld-5.7] innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40 innodb_page_cleaners = 4 innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1 innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128 binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1 log_timestamps=system transaction_write_set_extraction=MURMUR32 show_compatibility_56=on
几个重要的参数配置和说明
innodb_log_file_size = 4G
:做实验可以更改的小点,线上环境推荐用4G,
以前5.5和5.1等版本之所以官方给的值很小,是因为太大后有bug,现在bug已经修复innodb_undo_logs = 128
和innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
建议在安装之前就确定好该值,后续修改比较麻烦[mysqld]
,[mysqld-5.7]
这种tag表明了下面的配置在什么版本下才生效,[mysqld]
下均生效autocommit
,这个参数在5.5.X以后才有,安装5.6.X的时候要注意先把该参数注释掉,等安装完成后,再行打开, 5.7.X无需预先注释datadir
,innodb_log_group_home_dir
,innodb_undo_directory
一定要注意他的权限是mysql:mysql
my.cnf
问题- 使用
mysqld --help -vv | grep my.cnf
查看mysql的配置文件读取顺序Default options are read from the following files in the given order: /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
- 后读取的
my.cnf
中的配置,如果有相同项,会覆盖之前的配置 - 使用
--defaults-files
可指定配置文件
- 使用
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